Motion-to-photon latency - Revision history

Xinreality at 09:51, 14 November 2025

2025-11-14T09:51:33Z

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	</references>		</references>

	[[Category:~~Virtual reality~~]]		[[Category:Terms]]
	[[Category:~~Augmented reality~~]]		[[Category:Technical Terms]]
	[[Category:Human-computer interaction]]		[[Category:Human-computer interaction]]
	[[Category:Computer graphics]]		[[Category:Computer graphics]]
	~~[[Category:Terms]]~~
	[[Category:VR Technology]]		[[Category:VR Technology]]
	[[Category:Display Technology]]		[[Category:Display Technology]]
	[[Category:Human Factors]]		[[Category:Human Factors]]

Xinreality at 09:51, 14 November 2025

2025-11-14T09:51:08Z

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	\| data6 = [[John Carmack]], [[Michael Abrash]]		\| data6 = [[John Carmack]], [[Michael Abrash]]
	}}		}}
			[[File:Motion-to-photon latency1.png\|300px\|right]]

	'''Motion-to-photon latency''' ('''MTP latency'''), also known as '''end-to-end latency''', is a critical performance metric in [[virtual reality]] (VR) and [[augmented reality]] (AR) systems. It measures the total time delay from the moment a user initiates a physical movement (e.g., turning their head or moving a controller) to the moment the first [[photon]]s of light reflecting that movement are emitted from the system's display and reach the user's eyes.<ref name="UnityGlossary" /><ref name="Warburton2022" />		'''Motion-to-photon latency''' ('''MTP latency'''), also known as '''end-to-end latency''', is a critical performance metric in [[virtual reality]] (VR) and [[augmented reality]] (AR) systems. It measures the total time delay from the moment a user initiates a physical movement (e.g., turning their head or moving a controller) to the moment the first [[photon]]s of light reflecting that movement are emitted from the system's display and reach the user's eyes.<ref name="UnityGlossary" /><ref name="Warburton2022" />

Xinreality at 20:44, 28 October 2025

2025-10-28T20:44:54Z

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Xinreality at 20:29, 28 October 2025

2025-10-28T20:29:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:29, 28 October 2025
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	The choice of display technology impacts the ability to achieve low persistence:		The choice of display technology impacts the ability to achieve low persistence:
	*''']''': [[Organic light-emitting diode]] displays are ideal, as each pixel is its own light source and can be turned on and off almost instantaneously, allowing for precise control over illumination time.<ref name="OLED_vs_LCD_Reddit" />		*'''[[OLED]]''': [[Organic light-emitting diode]] displays are ideal, as each pixel is its own light source and can be turned on and off almost instantaneously, allowing for precise control over illumination time.<ref name="OLED_vs_LCD_Reddit" />
	*''']''': [[Liquid-crystal display]] panels traditionally have slower pixel response times. However, modern "fast LCD" panels have dramatically improved response times and are now widely used in many high-performance VR headsets, offering benefits like higher subpixel density which reduces the [[screen-door effect]].<ref name="Panox" />		*'''[[LCD]]''': [[Liquid-crystal display]] panels traditionally have slower pixel response times. However, modern "fast LCD" panels have dramatically improved response times and are now widely used in many high-performance VR headsets, offering benefits like higher subpixel density which reduces the [[screen-door effect]].<ref name="Panox" />

	==== Global Shutter Cameras ====		==== Global Shutter Cameras ====
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	<ref name="Steed2020">{{cite conference \|last1=Steed \|first1=Anthony \|last2=Frisoli \|first2=Antonio \|last3=Giachritsis \|first3=Christos \|last4=Krog \|first4=Sue \|last5=Padrao \|first5=Daniela \|last6=Pan \|first6=Yuan \|title=On the Plausibility of a Pass-Through Video See-Through Display \|booktitle=2020 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) \|date=2020-03-22 \|doi=10.1109/VR46266.2020.00017 \|url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/ieee_vr_2020___latency.pdf}}</ref>		<ref name="Steed2020">{{cite conference \|last1=Steed \|first1=Anthony \|last2=Frisoli \|first2=Antonio \|last3=Giachritsis \|first3=Christos \|last4=Krog \|first4=Sue \|last5=Padrao \|first5=Daniela \|last6=Pan \|first6=Yuan \|title=On the Plausibility of a Pass-Through Video See-Through Display \|booktitle=2020 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) \|date=2020-03-22 \|doi=10.1109/VR46266.2020.00017 \|url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/ieee_vr_2020___latency.pdf}}</ref>
	<ref name="OptoFidelity">{{cite web \|url=https://www.optofidelity.com/insights/blogs/measuring-head-mounted-displays-hmd-motion-to-photon-mtp-latency \|title=Measuring Head-Mounted Displays (HMD) Motion-to-Photon (MTP) Latency \|publisher=OptoFidelity}}</ref>		<ref name="OptoFidelity">{{cite web \|url=https://www.optofidelity.com/insights/blogs/measuring-head-mounted-displays-hmd-motion-to-photon-mtp-latency \|title=Measuring Head-Mounted Displays (HMD) Motion-to-Photon (MTP) Latency \|publisher=OptoFidelity}}</ref>
	~~<ref name="M2P_Github">{{cite web \|url=https://github.com/immersivecognition/motion-to-photon-measurement \|title=motion-to-photon-measurement \|publisher=GitHub}}</ref>~~
	<ref name="XinReality_Predictive">{{cite web \|url=https://xinreality.com/wiki/Predictive_tracking \|title=Predictive tracking \|publisher=XinReality}}</ref>		<ref name="XinReality_Predictive">{{cite web \|url=https://xinreality.com/wiki/Predictive_tracking \|title=Predictive tracking \|publisher=XinReality}}</ref>
	<ref name="RoadToVR_Predictive">{{cite web \|url=https://www.roadtovr.com/understanding-predictive-tracking-important-arvr-headsets/ \|title=Understanding Predictive Tracking and Why It's Important for AR/VR Headsets \|publisher=Road to VR}}</ref>		<ref name="RoadToVR_Predictive">{{cite web \|url=https://www.roadtovr.com/understanding-predictive-tracking-important-arvr-headsets/ \|title=Understanding Predictive Tracking and Why It's Important for AR/VR Headsets \|publisher=Road to VR}}</ref>
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	<ref name="LowPersistence_Reddit">{{cite web \|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/oculus/comments/2xoscc/is_90hz_a_fast_enough_refresh_rate_that_low/ \|title=Is 90hz a fast enough refresh rate that low persistence has been scrapped?}}</ref>		<ref name="LowPersistence_Reddit">{{cite web \|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/oculus/comments/2xoscc/is_90hz_a_fast_enough_refresh_rate_that_low/ \|title=Is 90hz a fast enough refresh rate that low persistence has been scrapped?}}</ref>
	<ref name="ARM_VR">{{cite web \|url=https://community.arm.com/arm-community-blogs/b/mobile-graphics-and-gaming-blog/posts/virtual-reality-blatant-latency-and-how-to-avoid-it \|title=Virtual Reality: Blatant latency and how to avoid it \|publisher=ARM}}</ref>		<ref name="ARM_VR">{{cite web \|url=https://community.arm.com/arm-community-blogs/b/mobile-graphics-and-gaming-blog/posts/virtual-reality-blatant-latency-and-how-to-avoid-it \|title=Virtual Reality: Blatant latency and how to avoid it \|publisher=ARM}}</ref>
	~~<ref name="BlurBusters">{{cite web \|url=https://blurbusters.com/faq/oled-motion-blur/ \|title=Why Some OLEDs Have Motion Blur}}</ref>~~
	<ref name="SPIE_AR">{{cite conference \|last1=Räty \|first1=Kalle \|last2=Kovalev \|first2=Dmitry \|last3=Gotchev \|first3=Atanas \|title=Reducing motion-to-photon latency in multi-focal augmented reality display \|booktitle=Proc. SPIE 11765, Digital Optics for Immersive Displays III \|date=2021-04-01 \|doi=10.1117/12.2578144 \|url=https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/11765/117650W/Reducing-motion-to-photon-latency-in-multi-focal-augmented-reality/10.1117/12.2578144.full}}</ref>
	<ref name="optofidelity2024">OptoFidelity. "Apple Vision Pro Benchmark Test 2: Angular Motion-to-Photon Latency in VR". https://www.optofidelity.com/insights/blogs/apple-vision-pro-bencmark-test-2.-angular-motion-to-photon-latency-in-vr</ref>		<ref name="optofidelity2024">OptoFidelity. "Apple Vision Pro Benchmark Test 2: Angular Motion-to-Photon Latency in VR". https://www.optofidelity.com/insights/blogs/apple-vision-pro-bencmark-test-2.-angular-motion-to-photon-latency-in-vr</ref>
	<ref name="Varjo2025">Varjo (2025). "Latency in virtual and mixed reality explained." Varjo Support Knowledge Base. [https://support.varjo.com/hc/en-us/articles/4403442941201-Latency-in-virtual-and-mixed-reality-explained support.varjo.com]</ref>		<ref name="Varjo2025">Varjo (2025). "Latency in virtual and mixed reality explained." Varjo Support Knowledge Base. [https://support.varjo.com/hc/en-us/articles/4403442941201-Latency-in-virtual-and-mixed-reality-explained support.varjo.com]</ref>
	<ref name="Wagner2018">Wagner, D. (2018). "Motion-to-Photon Latency in Mobile AR and VR." DAQRI Blog (Medium), Aug. 20, 2018. [https://medium.com/@DAQRI/motion-to-photon-latency-in-mobile-ar-and-vr-99f82c480926 Medium]</ref>		<ref name="Wagner2018">Wagner, D. (2018). "Motion-to-Photon Latency in Mobile AR and VR." DAQRI Blog (Medium), Aug. 20, 2018. [https://medium.com/@DAQRI/motion-to-photon-latency-in-mobile-ar-and-vr-99f82c480926 Medium]</ref>
	<ref name="6GShine2024">Sampath, H. et al. (2024). "Preliminary results on the management of traffic for XR services" (6G-SHINE Deliverable D4.2). (Citing that >20ms latency is too high for VR/AR, with ~15ms or even 7ms as a possible threshold.) [https://6gshine.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/D4.2_Preliminary-results-on-the-management-of-traffic-v1.0.pdf 6G-SHINE]</ref>
	<ref name="XRglossary2023">The Spatial Studio (2023). "Motion-to-Photon Latency – XR Glossary." (Noting typical latencies 10–50 ms, comfort thresholds, and importance of high frame rates and technologies like Time Warp.) [https://thespatialstudio.de/en/xr-glossary/motion-to-photon-latency thespatialstudio.de]</ref>
	<ref name="Nguyen2019">Nguyen, T. (2019). "Low-latency Mixed Reality Headset." Project report, UC Berkeley CS262A. (Noting that by the time an image is observed, it is "tens of milliseconds" out-of-date due to pipeline delays.) [https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~kubitron/courses/cs262a-F19/projects/reports/project14_report.pdf PDF]</ref>
	<ref name="OculusBP2014">Oculus VR (2014). ''Oculus Rift Best Practices Guide''. Oculus VR, Jan 2014. (See Section: "Minimizing Latency" – recommends "<20ms motion-to-photon latency"). [https://s3.amazonaws.com/arena-attachments/238441/2330603062c2e502c5c2ca40443c2fa4.pdf PDF]</ref>
	<ref name="daqri">{{Cite web \|url=https://medium.com/@DAQRI/motion-to-photon-latency-in-mobile-ar-and-vr-99f82c480926 \|title=Motion to Photon Latency in Mobile AR and VR \|author=DAQRI \|date=2018-08-20 \|access-date=2025-10-28}}</ref>		<ref name="daqri">{{Cite web \|url=https://medium.com/@DAQRI/motion-to-photon-latency-in-mobile-ar-and-vr-99f82c480926 \|title=Motion to Photon Latency in Mobile AR and VR \|author=DAQRI \|date=2018-08-20 \|access-date=2025-10-28}}</ref>
	<ref name="optofidelity">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.optofidelity.com/insights/blogs/measuring-head-mounted-displays-hmd-motion-to-photon-mtp-latency \|title=Measuring Head-Mounted Display's (HMD) Motion-To-Photon (MTP) Latency \|publisher=OptoFidelity \|date=2021-05-20 \|access-date=2025-10-28}}</ref>
	<ref name="frontiers">{{Cite journal \|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/virtual-reality/articles/10.3389/frvir.2020.582204/full \|title=Latency and Cybersickness: Impact, Causes, and Measures. A Review \|journal=Frontiers in Virtual Reality \|volume=1 \|pages=582204 \|date=2020-11-25 \|doi=10.3389/frvir.2020.582204 \|access-date=2025-10-28}}</ref>
	~~<ref name="varjo">{{Cite web \|url=https://support.varjo.com/hc/en-us/latency \|title=Latency in virtual and mixed reality explained \|publisher=Varjo \|access-date=2025-10-28}}</ref>~~
	<ref name="spatial">{{Cite web \|url=https://thespatialstudio.de/en/xr-glossary/motion-to-photon-latency \|title=Motion-to-Photon Latency definition and description \|publisher=The Spatial Studio \|access-date=2025-10-28}}</ref>
	<ref name="arxiv">{{Cite arXiv \|url=https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.10408 \|title=Minimizing the Motion-to-Photon-delay (MPD) in Virtual Reality using GPU-accelerated Asynchronous Time Warp \|date=2023-01-25 \|access-date=2025-10-28}}</ref>
	<ref name="meta">{{Cite web \|url=https://developers.meta.com/horizon/blog/optimizing-vr-graphics-with-late-latching/ \|title=Optimizing VR Graphics with Late Latching \|publisher=Meta for Developers \|access-date=2025-10-28}}</ref>
	<ref name="matrise">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.matrise.no/2018/07/the-history-of-virtual-reality/ \|title=The History of Virtual Reality - How Did The Technology Develop? \|publisher=Matrise \|date=2018-07-01 \|access-date=2025-10-28}}</ref>
	<ref name="frontiers2020">Stauffert, J., Niebling, F., & Latoschik, M. E. (2020). "Latency and Cybersickness: Impact, Causes, and Measures. A Review". Frontiers in Virtual Reality. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2020.582204/full</ref>
	~~<ref name="chioka2013">Chioka. "What is Motion-To-Photon Latency?". http://www.chioka.in/what-is-motion-to-photon-latency/</ref>~~
	<ref name="medium2017">DAQRI. "Motion to Photon Latency in Mobile AR and VR". Medium. https://medium.com/@DAQRI/motion-to-photon-latency-in-mobile-ar-and-vr-99f82c480926</ref>		<ref name="medium2017">DAQRI. "Motion to Photon Latency in Mobile AR and VR". Medium. https://medium.com/@DAQRI/motion-to-photon-latency-in-mobile-ar-and-vr-99f82c480926</ref>
	<ref name="carmack2013">Carmack, John. "Latency mitigation strategies". https://danluu.com/latency-mitigation/</ref>		<ref name="carmack2013">Carmack, John. "Latency mitigation strategies". https://danluu.com/latency-mitigation/</ref>
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	<ref name="warburton2022">Warburton, M., Mon-Williams, M., Mushtaq, F., & Morehead, J. R. (2022). "Measuring motion-to-photon latency for sensorimotor experiments with virtual reality systems". Behavior Research Methods. https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13428-022-01983-5</ref>		<ref name="warburton2022">Warburton, M., Mon-Williams, M., Mushtaq, F., & Morehead, J. R. (2022). "Measuring motion-to-photon latency for sensorimotor experiments with virtual reality systems". Behavior Research Methods. https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13428-022-01983-5</ref>
	<ref name="optofidelity2023">OptoFidelity. "Comparing VR headsets' tracking performance". https://www.optofidelity.com/blog/comparing-vr-headsets-tracking-performance</ref>		<ref name="optofidelity2023">OptoFidelity. "Comparing VR headsets' tracking performance". https://www.optofidelity.com/blog/comparing-vr-headsets-tracking-performance</ref>
	<ref name="meta2019">Meta. "Understanding Gameplay Latency for Oculus Quest, Oculus Go and Gear VR". https://developers.meta.com/horizon/blog/understanding-gameplay-latency-for-oculus-quest-oculus-go-and-gear-vr/</ref>
	<ref name="blurbusters2018">Blur Busters. "Why Do Some OLEDs Have Motion Blur?". https://blurbusters.com/faq/oled-motion-blur/</ref>		<ref name="blurbusters2018">Blur Busters. "Why Do Some OLEDs Have Motion Blur?". https://blurbusters.com/faq/oled-motion-blur/</ref>
	~~<ref name="oculus2016">Oculus. "Asynchronous Timewarp on Oculus Rift". https://developer.oculus.com/blog/asynchronous-timewarp-on-oculus-rift/</ref>~~
	<ref name="oculus2016asw">Oculus. "Asynchronous Spacewarp". https://developer.oculus.com/blog/asynchronous-spacewarp/</ref>		<ref name="oculus2016asw">Oculus. "Asynchronous Spacewarp". https://developer.oculus.com/blog/asynchronous-spacewarp/</ref>
	<ref name="roadtovr2017">Road to VR. "Understanding Predictive Tracking and Why It's Important for AR/VR Headsets". https://www.roadtovr.com/understanding-predictive-tracking-important-arvr-headsets/</ref>		<ref name="roadtovr2017">Road to VR. "Understanding Predictive Tracking and Why It's Important for AR/VR Headsets". https://www.roadtovr.com/understanding-predictive-tracking-important-arvr-headsets/</ref>
	<ref name="uploadvr2016">UploadVR. "Latest Steam VR Update Brings Direct Mode To Vive Pre". https://www.uploadvr.com/latest-steam-vr-update-brings-direct-mode-to-vive-pre/</ref>		<ref name="uploadvr2016">UploadVR. "Latest Steam VR Update Brings Direct Mode To Vive Pre". https://www.uploadvr.com/latest-steam-vr-update-brings-direct-mode-to-vive-pre/</ref>
			<ref name="arxiv">{{Cite arXiv \|url=https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.10408 \|title=Minimizing the Motion-to-Photon-delay (MPD) in Virtual Reality using GPU-accelerated Asynchronous Time Warp \|date=2023-01-25 \|access-date=2025-10-28}}</ref>
	</references>		</references>

Xinreality at 18:54, 28 October 2025

2025-10-28T18:54:21Z

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Xinreality at 01:22, 1 April 2015

2015-04-01T01:22:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:22, 1 April 2015
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	{{main\|Latency}}		{{main\|Latency}}
	'''Motion-to-photon latency''' also known as the '''End-to-end latency''' is the delay between the movement of the user's head and the change of the [[VR]] device's display reflecting the user's movement. As soon as the user's head moves, the VR scenery should match the movement. The more delay (latency) between these 2 actions, the more unrealistic the VR world seems. To make the VR world realistic, VR systems want really low latency of <~~20ms~~.		'''Motion-to-photon latency''' also known as the '''End-to-end latency''' is the delay between the movement of the user's head and the change of the [[VR]] device's display reflecting the user's movement. As soon as the user's head moves, the VR scenery should match the movement. The more delay (latency) between these 2 actions, the more unrealistic the VR world seems. To make the VR world realistic, VR systems want low latency of <20ms and even really low latency of <7ms.


	[[Category:Terms]]		[[Category:Terms]]

Xinreality at 06:54, 31 March 2015

2015-03-31T06:54:57Z

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	'''Motion-to-photon latency''' also known as the '''End-to-end latency''' is the delay ~~or [[latency]]~~ between the movement of the user's head and the change of the [[VR]] device's display reflecting the user's movement. As soon as the user's head moves, the VR scenery should match the movement. The more delay (latency) between these 2 actions, the more unrealistic the VR world seems. To make the VR world realistic, VR systems want really low latency of ~~7ms to 15ms~~.		{{main\|Latency}}
			'''Motion-to-photon latency''' also known as the '''End-to-end latency''' is the delay between the movement of the user's head and the change of the [[VR]] device's display reflecting the user's movement. As soon as the user's head moves, the VR scenery should match the movement. The more delay (latency) between these 2 actions, the more unrealistic the VR world seems. To make the VR world realistic, VR systems want really low latency of <20ms.


	[[Category:Terms]]		[[Category:Terms]]

Xinreality at 06:53, 31 March 2015

2015-03-31T06:53:06Z

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	'''Motion-to-photon latency''' also known as the '''End-to-end latency''' is the delay or [[latency]] between the movement of the user's head and the change of the ~~display of~~ [[VR]] device reflecting the user's movement. As soon as the user's head moves, the VR scenery should match the movement. The more delay (latency) between these 2 actions, the more unrealistic the VR world seems. To make the VR world realistic, VR systems want really low latency of 7ms to 15ms.		'''Motion-to-photon latency''' also known as the '''End-to-end latency''' is the delay or [[latency]] between the movement of the user's head and the change of the [[VR]] device's display reflecting the user's movement. As soon as the user's head moves, the VR scenery should match the movement. The more delay (latency) between these 2 actions, the more unrealistic the VR world seems. To make the VR world realistic, VR systems want really low latency of 7ms to 15ms.


	[[Category:Terms]]		[[Category:Terms]]

Xinreality at 06:52, 31 March 2015

2015-03-31T06:52:35Z

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	Motion to ~~Photon Latency~~ is the delay or [[latency]] between the movement of the user's head and the change of the display of [[VR]] device reflecting the user's movement. As soon as the user's head moves, the VR scenery should match the movement. The more delay (latency) between these 2 actions, the more unrealistic the VR world seems. To make the VR world realistic, VR systems want really low latency of 7ms to 15ms.		'''Motion-to-photon latency''' also known as the '''End-to-end latency''' is the delay or [[latency]] between the movement of the user's head and the change of the display of [[VR]] device reflecting the user's movement. As soon as the user's head moves, the VR scenery should match the movement. The more delay (latency) between these 2 actions, the more unrealistic the VR world seems. To make the VR world realistic, VR systems want really low latency of 7ms to 15ms.


	[[Category:Terms]]		[[Category:Terms]]

Xinreality at 21:29, 30 March 2015

2015-03-30T21:29:37Z

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	Motion to Photon Latency is the delay or [[latency]] between the movement of the user and the change of [[VR]] ~~views~~ reflecting the user's movement. As soon as the user's head moves, the VR scenery should match the movement. The more delay (latency) between these 2 actions, the more unrealistic the VR world seems. To make the VR world realistic, VR systems want really low latency of 7ms to 15ms.		Motion to Photon Latency is the delay or [[latency]] between the movement of the user's head and the change of the display of [[VR]] device reflecting the user's movement. As soon as the user's head moves, the VR scenery should match the movement. The more delay (latency) between these 2 actions, the more unrealistic the VR world seems. To make the VR world realistic, VR systems want really low latency of 7ms to 15ms.


	[[Category:Terms]]		[[Category:Terms]]